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    <title>Primaterra</title>
    <link>http://primaterra.org/</link>

    <copyright>Copyright 2000-2004, Jonathan Foucher - marinetechs.com</copyright>
    <pubDate>
2008-02-14T15:29:56Z</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>Un refugio en Andaluc&#237;a</title>
        <link>Un-refugio-en-Andalucia</link>
        <pubDate>2008-01-31T20:42:55Z</pubDate>
        <category>Inicio/</category>
        <guid>Un-refugio-en-Andalucia</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Hemos vivido un principio de invierno at&#237;pico en el Morbihan. El intenso fr&#237;o ha hecho que todo el sistema de agua se haya helado y durante algunos d&#237;as abastecerse de este precioso liquido ha sido una tarea dura; el calentador a gas para el agua ha explotado; el trabajo en la pradera se ha visto interrumpido por el hielo y la caba&#241;a ha dado muchos problemas. Adem&#225;s, los d&#237;as tan cortos de invierno han hecho imposible avanzar en el trabajo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;span class='spip_document_295 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right; width:250px;'&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P1221431.jpg&quot; type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/P1221431-20aa5.jpg' width='250' height='187' style='height:187px;width:250px;' class='spip_logos' alt='JPEG' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; El estr&#233;s y el cansancio lograron afectarnos hasta el punto de hacernos preparar las maletas y adelantar las bien merecidas vacaciones del a&#241;o.
&lt;br /&gt;Hemos encontrado refugio en un peque&#241;o pueblo soleado de la costa almeriense, desde donde escribo.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_299 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:216px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/primeragrande.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 88.2 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L216xH250/primeragrande-76312.jpg' width='216' height='250' alt='JPEG - 88.2 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Cerca de San Juan de los Terreros, yendo hacia Villaricos por la carretera de la costa, encontramos una agradable playa protegida de vientos y turistas.
&lt;br /&gt;A ella se accede por un angosto camino cubierto de deslizantes piedras. Una vez los pies sobre la playa, podemos instalarnos tranquilamente frente al agua o bien continuar el camino durante horas; eso si, tiene que gustar pasearse entre rocas y mar. &lt;br /&gt;Los d&#237;as de calma, no es visitada por nadie. Situaci&#243;n ideal para pasar una excelente jornada de sol y playa. Hay lugares magn&#237;ficos donde zambullirse y disfrutar de un refrescante ba&#241;o. Adem&#225;s, paseando encontramos algunos animales entre los maravillosos colores del mar.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_302 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P1111285.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 139.6 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/P1111285-cae1a.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 139.6 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Lamentablemente, impacta la cantidad de basura que vemos por todas partes. Compitiendo en n&#250;mero con la fauna silvestre, el rastro humano aparece por todos los rincones gracias a sus desperdicios. Latas de conservas y refrescos; papeles de aluminio; botellas de pl&#225;stico; pa&#241;ales; cartones... Por el estado que presentan, no cabe duda de que han sido olvidados y no tra&#237;dos por el agua. &lt;br /&gt;Pasearse por la costa un lunes es desolador, sobre cada roca ocupada por un pescador durante el fin de semana, encontramos monta&#241;itas de basura que tarde o temprano acabar&#225;n engullidas por el mar y devueltas a la orilla una y otra vez, hasta que un inocente animal las trague crey&#233;ndose afortunado y muera de axfisia o de hambre debido al falso manjar. &#191;C&#243;mo podemos ser tan guarros? &#191;C&#243;mo puede importarles tan poco el medio que les rodea y que les permite vivir un relajante domingo de pesca? Es triste ver hasta que punto estamos destruyendo el planeta. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Ante tal panorama no pude evitar adoptar esta playa y dedicar algunos ratos de mi ocio a liberarla de la basura humana, tan antinatural, peligrosa y poco est&#233;tica.
&lt;br /&gt;Para ello, el equipo de siempre: bolsas, guantes (estos son importantes para los objetos de origen sospechoso) y mucha paciencia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_298 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/segunda_grande.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 108 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/segunda_grande-85754.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 108 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;En el mediterr&#225;neo no hay grandes mareas y encontramos zonas que rara vez son alcanzadas por el agua, donde se acumulan gran n&#250;mero de desperdicios. He empezado a limpiar estos rincones. Por ahora, habr&#233; recogido unos 150 litros de residuos. Sin embargo, queda much&#237;simo mas. No creo que pueda con todo antes del fin de las vacaciones. De todos modos, es una tarea sin fin. Cada d&#237;a, empujadas por el vaiv&#233;n de las olas, llegan a las costas toneladas de objetos no biodegradables que ponen en peligro la vida y destruyen el paisaje; el &#250;nico responsable de esta cat&#225;strofe es el ser humano. &lt;br /&gt;Un gesto tan simple como llevar nuestra basura hasta una papelera o contenedor, podr&#237;a salvar muchos animales y evitar unas vistas tan desagradables como las que aparecen en las fotos incluidas a continuaci&#243;n.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_300 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:188px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cerdos.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 122.2 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/cerdos-a64e6.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 122.2 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_301 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:187px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/basuragrande.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 119.2 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L187xH250/basuragrande-d8456.jpg' width='187' height='250' alt='JPEG - 119.2 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_303 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P1261515.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 90 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/P1261515-ca5b9.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 90 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Nuestro tiempo de descanso llega a su fin. Volvemos a casa. El desierto queda atr&#225;s. No he conseguido hacer todo lo que hab&#237;a planeado. Una buena excusa para volver. Hasta el pr&#243;ximo encuentro.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_304 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/terceragrande.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 69.2 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L187xH250/terceragrande-d0620.jpg' width='187' height='250' alt='JPEG - 69.2 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip">Hemos vivido un principio de invierno atípico en el Morbihan. El intenso frío ha hecho que todo el sistema de agua se haya helado y durante algunos días abastecerse de este precioso liquido ha sido una tarea dura; el calentador a gas para el agua ha explotado; el trabajo en la pradera se ha visto interrumpido por el hielo y la cabaña ha dado muchos problemas. Además, los días tan cortos de invierno han hecho imposible avanzar en el trabajo.</p>

<p class="spip"><span class='spip_document_295 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right; width:250px;'><a href="IMG/jpg/P1221431.jpg" type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/P1221431-20aa5.jpg' width='250' height='187' style='height:187px;width:250px;' class='spip_logos' alt='JPEG'  /></a></span> El estrés y el cansancio lograron afectarnos hasta el punto de hacernos preparar las maletas y adelantar las bien merecidas vacaciones del año.
<br />Hemos encontrado refugio en un pequeño pueblo soleado de la costa almeriense, desde donde escribo.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></p>
<dl class='spip_document_299 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:216px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/primeragrande.jpg" title='JPEG - 88.2 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L216xH250/primeragrande-76312.jpg' width='216' height='250' alt='JPEG - 88.2 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Cerca de San Juan de los Terreros, yendo hacia Villaricos por la carretera de la costa, encontramos una agradable playa protegida de vientos y turistas.
<br />A ella se accede por un angosto camino cubierto de deslizantes piedras. Una vez los pies sobre la playa, podemos instalarnos tranquilamente frente al agua o bien continuar el camino durante horas; eso si,  tiene que gustar pasearse entre rocas y mar. 
<br />Los días de calma, no es visitada por nadie. Situación ideal para pasar una excelente jornada de sol y playa. Hay lugares magníficos donde zambullirse y disfrutar de un refrescante baño. Además, paseando  encontramos algunos animales entre los maravillosos colores del mar.
<br /></p>
<dl class='spip_document_302 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P1111285.jpg" title='JPEG - 139.6 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/P1111285-cae1a.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 139.6 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Lamentablemente, impacta la cantidad de basura que vemos por todas partes. Compitiendo en número con la fauna silvestre, el rastro humano aparece por todos los rincones gracias a sus desperdicios. Latas de conservas y refrescos; papeles de aluminio; botellas de plástico; pañales; cartones... Por el estado que presentan, no cabe duda de que han sido olvidados y no traídos por el agua. 
<br />Pasearse por la costa un lunes es desolador, sobre cada roca ocupada por un pescador durante el fin de semana, encontramos montañitas de basura que tarde o temprano acabarán engullidas por el mar y devueltas a la orilla una y otra vez, hasta que un inocente animal las trague creyéndose afortunado y muera de axfisia o de hambre debido al falso manjar. ¿Cómo podemos ser tan guarros? ¿Cómo puede importarles tan poco el medio que les rodea y que les permite vivir un relajante domingo de pesca?  Es triste ver hasta que punto estamos destruyendo el planeta. 
<br />
<br />Ante tal panorama no pude evitar adoptar esta playa y dedicar algunos ratos de mi ocio a liberarla de la basura humana, tan antinatural, peligrosa y poco estética.
<br />Para ello, el equipo de siempre: bolsas, guantes (estos son importantes para los objetos de origen sospechoso) y mucha paciencia.</p>
<dl class='spip_document_298 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/segunda_grande.jpg" title='JPEG - 108 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/segunda_grande-85754.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 108 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">En el mediterráneo no hay grandes mareas y encontramos zonas que rara vez son alcanzadas por el agua, donde se acumulan gran número de desperdicios. He empezado a limpiar estos rincones. Por ahora, habré recogido unos 150 litros de residuos. Sin embargo, queda muchísimo mas. No creo que pueda con todo antes del fin de las vacaciones. De todos modos, es una tarea sin fin.  Cada día, empujadas por el vaivén de las olas, llegan a las costas toneladas de objetos no biodegradables que ponen en peligro la vida y destruyen el paisaje; el único responsable de esta catástrofe es el ser humano.  
<br />Un gesto tan simple como llevar nuestra basura hasta una papelera o contenedor, podría salvar muchos animales y evitar unas vistas tan desagradables como las que aparecen en las fotos incluidas a continuación.
<br />
<br /></p>
<dl class='spip_document_300 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:188px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/cerdos.jpg" title='JPEG - 122.2 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/cerdos-a64e6.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 122.2 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_301 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:187px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/basuragrande.jpg" title='JPEG - 119.2 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L187xH250/basuragrande-d8456.jpg' width='187' height='250' alt='JPEG - 119.2 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_303 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P1261515.jpg" title='JPEG - 90 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/P1261515-ca5b9.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 90 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Nuestro tiempo de descanso llega a su fin. Volvemos a casa. El desierto queda atrás.  No he conseguido hacer todo lo que había planeado. Una buena excusa para volver.  Hasta el próximo encuentro.
<br /></p>
<dl class='spip_document_304 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/terceragrande.jpg" title='JPEG - 69.2 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L187xH250/terceragrande-d0620.jpg' width='187' height='250' alt='JPEG - 69.2 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>History of our garden in Quicoharn</title>
        <link>History-of-our-garden-in-Quicoharn</link>
        <pubDate>2008-01-30T12:57:31Z</pubDate>
        <category>Home Page/</category>
        <guid>History-of-our-garden-in-Quicoharn</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;span class='spip_document_197 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right; width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/edim1.jpg' width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;169&quot; alt=&quot;Edimburgh&quot; title=&quot;Edimburgh&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
Everything started five years ago, when we left the wonderful but crowded Edimburgh city looking for a quieter place to live. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;We finished our trip in Baden, a calm village sited in the Golfe of Morbihan. As a neighbour says, one of the most beautiful places in the world.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The canicule [&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/#nb1&quot; name=&quot;nh1&quot; id=&quot;nh1&quot; class=&quot;spip_note&quot; title='[1] Canicule: french word meaning very hot period.' &gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] of 2003 was at its strongest. Thus, we installed ourselves between the trees, in the north side of a private field, well protected from the burning sun.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The idea of creating a garden came spontaneously. Wouldn't it be great to have some vegetables handy? Wouldn't it be excellent to eat fresh salads, free from pesticides and other chemicals?
&lt;br /&gt;Let's start working!
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class='spip_document_199 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left; width:250px;'&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/primera.jpg&quot; type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/primera.jpg-s.jpg' width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;170&quot; alt='JPEG' class='spip_logos' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
When we conceived the garden we were not thinking in long term. We chose a tiny piece of soil just in front of the caravan. The exposition was not optimal, neither was the moment right to prepare the soil. As it was going to be a garden only for that summer, we didn't mind too much about these and other inconvenients.
&lt;br /&gt;I gradually relized it was a big mistake. As for me, even though you expect to move, it is better to think the garden will last for a long period. Somebody could keep going your job if you leave or you could stay longer than you expected, as occurred to us.
&lt;br /&gt;The reason why I haven't changed the location of our garden is because it is almost impossible to have the best conditions and it is a good exercice to work in an area exposed to the north and to the winds.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, location is one of the first things to think about when siting a garden.
&lt;br /&gt;The duration of solar exposure determines the vegetative phases: germination, development, blooming, fruiting and ripening.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;To be continued...
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;June 2004
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class='spip_document_226 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right; width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/introquicoharnpetit.jpg' width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;334&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;This is an experimental garden where I put in practice what I learn from books and people. It is also the place where I let my own ideas go free.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Quicoharn garden is organic. No pesticides or fertilisers are used. Here, there are no weeds, but only wild plants, some of them being the favorite salads of the family.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;We are living in a materialist and competitive world, where we are what we have. University titles, highly qualified jobs, money, houses, cars, are seen as the only important products to get if we wish recognition from the society to which we all belong.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;In this civilisation, the spiritual human needs are not taken into account. People who love and need nature are being forgotten and open green spaces are replaced by enormous malls or endless lines of cloned houses.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Writing the memory of the garden in Quicoharn, I pretend to put in evidence another way of seeing and feeling life. Society promotes behaviors of imitation and passive acceptation, but like me, more and more people go out of the social inertia and decide to follow an autonomous and creative way of life, giving the best of themselves, being responsible of their acts and showing solidarity with all the beings that inhabit the planet.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;From now on, I will be living in a caravan, which means no access to internet and other commodities of the moderm civilisation. I suppose this article will be quite empty until I decide to get connected. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;To be continued...
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;May 2005
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;I work alone, which means too much to do. Even though I could design an easier garden I have to confess that I am a strange kind of gardener who loves spending hours thinking where to put this or that rock. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;I have studied permaculture and I would like to change towards this philosophy, depending more on perennials but I cannot do it until I have my own property.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunatly, nowadays I am following a semi-intensive french course and I cannot work as much as I wish in the garden. Thus, everything is half done, I have not finished the job I had planned for the spring and I do not have time to write. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;For the moment, I can only include some pictures which can give an idea of where I am now and the different techniques I am practicing. But the best way to know my garden is visiting it... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The old garden.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl class='spip_document_204 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:188px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/vistas7.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 150.4 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/vistas7.jpg-s.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 150.4 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;A terrace and paths like these ones need a lot of time of maintenance. Time that I don't have! So, I left wild plants conquer the area and I cut them once in a while. I tried to put thyme between the rocks but if the earth is not completely clean of wild plants, these will grow faster than thyme.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Flowers' beds
&lt;dl class='spip_document_206 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/vistas3.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 137.9 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/vistas3.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 137.9 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Some beds from last year. I did them too small and they are only useful for small plants. Pansies love this area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The no till garden &lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl class='spip_document_208 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/vistas4.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 126.4 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/vistas4.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 126.4 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;I have prepared this part of the garden during last autumn, following a technique called sheet mulch. I have planted cucumbers, melons and tomatoes, plants that support moderately fresh compost.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;The montain of rocks
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl class='spip_document_210 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/vistas5.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 138.4 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/vistas5.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 138.4 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;I collected all the rocks from the period when I used to hoe the soil in this huge montain, thinking that one day I could find a use for them. I am working to transform them in a rockery. The path is not completely done either. I doubt I will finish it this season.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;More pictures:
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl class='spip_document_214 spip_documents' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/vistas2.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 142.3 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/vistas2.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 142.3 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_220 spip_documents' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/vistas8jpg.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 95.6 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/vistas8jpg.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 95.6 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;To be continued...
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;September 2005
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;I thought I would never be able to leave Quicoharn. But I am quite happy I will do it. We now have our own field to cultivate! We have found a beautiful forest where to live and start a real permaculture project. The garden of Quicoharn has been the first garden that I have designed and I thanks to this place which has &quot;seeded&quot; me with the need to be and work with nature in a friendly way. From now on I will write from the forest of PrimaTerra. See you soon! &lt;br /&gt;Here are some pictures of the last summer in this garden:
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_305 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/animal.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 72.3 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L187xH250/animal-4c574.jpg' width='187' height='250' alt='JPEG - 72.3 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_306 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tomates.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 127.7 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/tomates-b1bcf.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 127.7 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_307 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/calabaza.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 108.9 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/calabaza-5341f.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 108.9 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_308 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/pimiento.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 69.7 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/pimiento-d76c6.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 69.7 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_309 spip_documents spip_documents_center' &gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/amaranto.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 117.8 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/amaranto-1568e.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 117.8 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip"><span class='spip_document_197 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right; width:250px;'>
<img src='IMG/jpg/edim1.jpg' width="250" height="169" alt="Edimburgh" title="Edimburgh" /></span>
Everything started five years ago, when we left the wonderful but crowded Edimburgh city looking for a quieter place to live. 
<br />
<br />We finished our trip in Baden, a calm village sited in the Golfe of Morbihan. As a neighbour says, one of the most beautiful places in  the world.
<br />
<br />The canicule&nbsp;[<a href="#nb2" name="nh2" id="nh2" class="spip_note" title='[2] Canicule: french word meaning very hot period.' >2</a>] of 2003 was at its strongest. Thus, we  installed ourselves between the trees, in the north side of a private field, well protected from the burning sun.
<br />
<br />The idea of creating a garden came spontaneously. Wouldn&#8217;t it be great to have some vegetables handy? Wouldn&#8217;t it be excellent to eat fresh salads, free from pesticides and other chemicals?
<br />Let&#8217;s start working!
<br />
<br />
<br /><span class='spip_document_199 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left; width:250px;'><a href="IMG/jpg/primera.jpg" type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/primera.jpg-s.jpg' width="250" height="170" alt='JPEG'  class='spip_logos' /></a></span>
When we conceived the garden we were not thinking in long term. We chose a tiny piece of soil just in front of the caravan. The exposition was not optimal, neither was the  moment right to prepare the soil. As it was going to be a garden only for that summer, we didn&#8217;t mind too much about these and other inconvenients.
<br />I gradually relized it was a big mistake. As for me, even though you expect to move, it is better to think the garden will last for a long period. Somebody could keep going your job if you leave or you could stay longer than you expected, as occurred to us.
<br />The reason why I haven&#8217;t changed the location of our garden is because it is almost impossible to have the best conditions and it is a good exercice to work in an area exposed to the north and to the winds.
<br />
<br />Therefore, location is one of the first things to think about when siting a garden.
<br />The duration of solar exposure determines the vegetative phases: germination, development, blooming, fruiting and ripening.
<br />
<br />To be continued...
<br />
<br />
<br />June 2004
<br />
<br /><span class='spip_document_226 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right; width:250px;'>
<img src='IMG/jpg/introquicoharnpetit.jpg' width="250" height="334" alt="" /></span>This is an experimental garden where I put in practice what I learn from books and people. It is also the place where I let my own ideas go free.</p>

<p class="spip">Quicoharn garden is organic. No pesticides or fertilisers are used. Here, there are no weeds, but only wild plants, some of them being the favorite salads of the family.</p>

<p class="spip">We are living in a materialist and competitive world, where we are what we have. University titles, highly qualified jobs, money, houses, cars, are seen as the only important products to get if we wish recognition from the society to which we all belong.</p>

<p class="spip">In this civilisation, the spiritual human needs are not taken into account. People who love and need nature are being forgotten and open green spaces are replaced by enormous malls or endless lines of cloned houses.</p>

<p class="spip">Writing the memory of the garden in Quicoharn, I pretend to put in evidence another way of seeing and feeling life. Society promotes behaviors of imitation and passive acceptation, but like me, more and more people go out of the social inertia and decide to follow an autonomous and creative way of life, giving the best of themselves, being responsible of their acts and showing solidarity with all the beings that inhabit the planet.</p>

<p class="spip">From now on, I will be living in a caravan, which means no access to internet and other commodities of the moderm civilisation. I suppose this article will be quite empty until I decide to get connected. 
<br />
<br />To be continued...
<br />
<br />May 2005
<br />
<br />I work alone, which means too much to do. Even though I could design an easier garden I have to confess that I am a strange kind of gardener who loves spending hours thinking where to put this or that rock. 
<br />
<br />I have studied permaculture and I would like to change towards this philosophy, depending more on perennials but I cannot do it until I have my own property.
<br />
<br />Unfortunatly, nowadays I am following a semi-intensive french course and I cannot work as much as I wish in the garden. Thus, everything is half done, I have not finished the job I had planned for the spring and I do not have time to write. 
<br />
<br />For the moment, I can only include some pictures which can give an idea of where I am now and the different techniques I am practicing. But the best way to know my garden is visiting it...  
<br />
<br />
<br />The old garden.</p>
<div>
<br /><dl class='spip_document_204 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:188px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/vistas7.jpg" title='JPEG - 150.4 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/vistas7.jpg-s.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 150.4 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">A terrace and paths like these ones need a lot of time of maintenance. Time that I don&#8217;t have! So, I left wild plants conquer the area and I cut them once in a while. I tried to put thyme between the rocks but if the earth is not completely clean of wild plants, these will grow faster than thyme.</p>
</div>
<br />
<div style="clear:both">
<br />Flowers&#8217; beds
<dl class='spip_document_206 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/vistas3.jpg" title='JPEG - 137.9 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/vistas3.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 137.9 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Some beds from last year. I did them too small and they are only useful for small plants. Pansies love this area.</p>
</div>
<br />
<div style="clear:both">
<br />The no till garden 
<br /><dl class='spip_document_208 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/vistas4.jpg" title='JPEG - 126.4 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/vistas4.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 126.4 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">I have prepared this part of the garden during last autumn, following a technique called sheet mulch. I have planted cucumbers, melons and tomatoes, plants that support moderately fresh compost.</p>
</div>
<br />
<br /><div style="clear:both">
<br />The montain of rocks
<br /><dl class='spip_document_210 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/vistas5.jpg" title='JPEG - 138.4 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/vistas5.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 138.4 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">I collected all the rocks from the period when I used to hoe the soil in this huge montain, thinking that one day I could find a use for them. I am working to transform them in a rockery. The path is not completely done either. I doubt I will finish it this season.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<br />More pictures:
<br /><dl class='spip_document_214 spip_documents' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/vistas2.jpg" title='JPEG - 142.3 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/vistas2.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 142.3 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_220 spip_documents' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/vistas8jpg.jpg" title='JPEG - 95.6 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/vistas8jpg.jpg-s.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 95.6 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p class="spip">To be continued...
<br />
<br />September 2005
<br />
<br />I thought I would never be able to leave Quicoharn. But I am quite happy I will do it. We now have our own field to cultivate! We have found a beautiful forest where to live and start a real permaculture project. The garden of Quicoharn has been the first garden that I have designed and I thanks to this place which has "seeded" me with the need to be and work with nature in a friendly way. From now on I will write from the forest of PrimaTerra. See you soon!  
<br />Here are some pictures of the last summer in this garden:
<br /></p>
<dl class='spip_document_305 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/animal.jpg" title='JPEG - 72.3 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L187xH250/animal-4c574.jpg' width='187' height='250' alt='JPEG - 72.3 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_306 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/tomates.jpg" title='JPEG - 127.7 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/tomates-b1bcf.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 127.7 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_307 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/calabaza.jpg" title='JPEG - 108.9 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/calabaza-5341f.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 108.9 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_308 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/pimiento.jpg" title='JPEG - 69.7 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/pimiento-d76c6.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 69.7 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class='spip_document_309 spip_documents spip_documents_center' >
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/amaranto.jpg" title='JPEG - 117.8 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH187/amaranto-1568e.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 117.8 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>Nettoyage du printemps</title>
        <link>Netoyage-du-printemps</link>
        <pubDate>2008-01-25T22:54:01Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/</category>
        <guid>Netoyage-du-printemps</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Apr&#232;s les agr&#233;ables vacances d'hiver dans le chaleureuse andalousie, nous rentrons &#224; la for&#234;t avec une determination importante :
&lt;br /&gt;La premi&#232;re chose &#224; faire sera un grand nettoyage de la for&#234;t pour enlever tous les plastiques, emballages et poubelles diverses que nous avons herit&#233; de l'ancien propietaire ; sans oublier de ranger toutes nos affaires qui commencent &#224; trop se disperser dans la prairie.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_292 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p9091477.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 96.1 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p9091477-cd87d.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 96.1 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Depuis que nous travaillons dans la for&#234;t nous avons toujours des priorit&#233;s &#224; faire et nous avons laiss&#233; passer l'id&#233;e de jeter la poubelle trouv&#233;e un peu partout. Nous l'avons localis&#233;e et group&#233;e mais il est indispensable de l'ammener &#224; la d&#233;chetterie pour emp&#234;cher qu'elle ne soit d&#233;plac&#233;e ou enterr&#233;e sous les feuilles. &lt;br /&gt;Certains d&#233;chets sont &#233;normes et ne peuvent pas &#234;tre sortis du terrain, comme par exemple une vielle estafette rouill&#233;e au milieu des ronces et des gen&#234;ts ; dans ce cas nous essaierons de leur trouver une utilit&#233; peu nuisible et le plus harmonieuse possible.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;D&#233;but prevu pour : mi-f&#233;vrier 2008.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip">Après les agréables vacances d&#8217;hiver dans le chaleureuse andalousie, nous rentrons à la forêt avec une determination importante&nbsp;:
<br />La première chose à faire sera un grand nettoyage de la forêt pour enlever tous les plastiques, emballages et poubelles diverses que nous avons herité de l&#8217;ancien propietaire&nbsp;; sans oublier de ranger toutes nos affaires qui commencent à trop se disperser dans la prairie.
<br />
<br /></p>
<dl class='spip_document_292 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p9091477.jpg" title='JPEG - 96.1 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p9091477-cd87d.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 96.1 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Depuis que nous travaillons dans la forêt nous avons toujours des priorités à faire et nous avons laissé passer l&#8217;idée de jeter la poubelle trouvée un peu partout. Nous l&#8217;avons localisée et groupée mais il est indispensable de l&#8217;ammener à la déchetterie pour empêcher qu&#8217;elle ne soit déplacée ou enterrée sous les feuilles. 
<br />Certains déchets sont énormes et ne peuvent pas être sortis du terrain, comme par exemple une vielle estafette rouillée au milieu des ronces et des genêts&nbsp;; dans ce cas nous essaierons de leur trouver une utilité  peu nuisible et le plus harmonieuse possible.
<br />
<br />Début prevu pour&nbsp;: mi-février 2008.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>1. Connaissances en cuisine v&#233;g&#233;tarienne contre logement en Bretagne. </title>
        <link>Conaissances-de-cuisine</link>
        <pubDate>2008-01-25T22:07:07Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/</category>
        <guid>Conaissances-de-cuisine</guid>
        <description>&lt;br /&gt;Nous cherchons une personne avec des connaissances en cuisine v&#233;g&#233;tarienne, qui voudrait passer quelques jours chez nous pour nous donner quelques le&#231;ons de base pour ma&#238;triser la pr&#233;paration de menus vegetariens et equilibr&#233;s. &lt;br /&gt;En &#233;change, nous offrons un logement en pension compl&#232;te (100% biologique) plus la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;placements aux alentours.
&lt;br /&gt;Si vous habitez &#224; cot&#233; de PrimaTerra et que vous ne souhaitez pas profiter de cette arrangement, nous pouvons vous offrir en &#233;change des produits de saison provenant de la for&#234;t.
&lt;br /&gt;Plus d'info ? &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/Ecrivez-nous&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Ecrivez-nous&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<br />Nous cherchons une personne avec des connaissances en cuisine végétarienne, qui voudrait passer quelques jours chez nous pour nous donner quelques leçons de base pour maîtriser la préparation de menus vegetariens et equilibrés. 
<br />En échange, nous offrons un logement en pension complète (100% biologique) plus la possibilité de déplacements aux alentours.
<br />Si vous habitez à coté de PrimaTerra et que vous ne souhaitez pas profiter de cette arrangement, nous pouvons vous offrir en échange des produits de saison provenant de la forêt.
<br />Plus d&#8217;info&nbsp;? <a href="Ecrivez-nous" class="spip_in">Ecrivez-nous</a>.]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>2. Heures de jardinage contre logement en pension compl&#232;te</title>
        <link>Heures-du-jardinage-contre</link>
        <pubDate>2008-01-25T22:06:45Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/</category>
        <guid>Heures-du-jardinage-contre</guid>
        <description>Nous cherchons une personne qui souhaiterait travailler &#224; PrimaTerra pendant quelques jours en &#233;change d'un logement en pension compl&#232;te.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Si vous habitez &#224; cot&#233; de Primaterra et vous n'avez pas besoin de vous loger, nous pouvons vous offrir en &#233;change des produits de saison de la for&#234;t. Nous sommes &#233;galement ouverts &#224; d'autres propositions.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Plus d'info ? &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/Ecrivez-nous&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Ecrivez-nous&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Nous cherchons une personne qui souhaiterait  travailler à PrimaTerra pendant quelques jours en échange d&#8217;un logement en pension complète.
<br />
<br />Si vous habitez à coté de Primaterra et vous n&#8217;avez pas besoin de vous loger, nous pouvons vous offrir en échange des produits de saison de la forêt. Nous sommes également ouverts à d&#8217;autres propositions.
<br />
<br />Plus d&#8217;info&nbsp;? <a href="Ecrivez-nous" class="spip_in">Ecrivez-nous</a>.]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>Ecrivez-nous</title>
        <link>Ecrivez-nous</link>
        <pubDate>2008-01-25T21:58:15Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/</category>
        <guid>Ecrivez-nous</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Nous n'avons pas un access r&#233;gulier &#224; internet. Nous vous demandons donc de nous excuser si notre r&#233;ponse se fait attendre.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Choisissez &#224; quelle section vous voulez &#233;crire :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/_Maria-Andres_&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Biblioth&#232;que.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/_Jonathan_&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Travail du bois.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/_Maria-Andres_&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Jardin.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/_Jonathan_&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Eco-construction.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/_Jonathan_&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Energies renouvelables.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/_Maria-Andres_&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;Cuisine et bien &#234;tre.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip">Nous n&#8217;avons pas un access régulier à internet. Nous vous demandons donc de nous excuser si notre réponse se fait attendre.
<br />
<br />
<br />Choisissez à quelle section vous voulez écrire&nbsp;:</p>

<p class="spip"><a href="_Maria-Andres_" class="spip_in">Bibliothèque.</a>
<br /><a href="_Jonathan_" class="spip_in">Travail du bois.</a>
<br /><a href="_Maria-Andres_" class="spip_in">Jardin.</a>
<br /><a href="_Jonathan_" class="spip_in">Eco-construction.</a>
<br /><a href="_Jonathan_" class="spip_in">Energies renouvelables.</a>
<br /><a href="_Maria-Andres_" class="spip_in">Cuisine et bien être.</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>La llegada del oto&#241;o</title>
        <link>La-llegada-del-otono</link>
        <pubDate>2007-09-26T22:11:00Z</pubDate>
        <category>Inicio/</category>
        <guid>La-llegada-del-otono</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Este a&#241;o podemos decir que el verano dur&#243; lo que dura un suspiro. Despu&#233;s de interminables meses de lluvia y fr&#237;o, septiembre nos ha regalado algunas semanas de sol y playa. &lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, las g&#233;lidas ma&#241;anas de estos d&#237;as nos anuncian la llegada de un oto&#241;o m&#225;s. El bosque parece estar impaciente por vestir sus galas de invierno y va llen&#225;ndolo todo de marrones y ocres; las hojas adelantan su ca&#237;da; los champi&#241;ones asoman coloridos sombreros. Tengo la impresi&#243;n de que el reloj de las estaciones va m&#225;s r&#225;pido que en otras ocasiones.
&lt;br /&gt;Durante el verano, las inclemencias del tiempo y las duras jornadas de maternidad hicieron que abandonara mis proyectos de agricultura forestal. Es hora de retomar el camino y aplicar los nuevos conocimientos adquiridos gracias a la lectura.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Estas son las actividades que pretendo realizar durante los meses de oto&#241;o:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/puce.gif&quot; width=&quot;8&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; alt=&quot;-&quot; /&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Marcar los l&#237;mites de la pradera&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/puce.gif&quot; width=&quot;8&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; alt=&quot;-&quot; /&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Reconocimiento de especies y lugares.&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/puce.gif&quot; width=&quot;8&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; alt=&quot;-&quot; /&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Mantenimiento de la pradera.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/puce.gif&quot; width=&quot;8&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; alt=&quot;-&quot; /&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Marcar los l&#237;mites de la pradera&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Ahora estoy eligiendo los limites del futuro bosque comestible. &lt;br /&gt;Cuando es posible, dejo las zarzas ya instaladas, &#233;stas ahuyentan las visitas poco deseadas; dan protecci&#243;n a muchas especies de animales y deliciosos frutos a finales del verano. En algunos lugares alcanzan m&#225;s de dos metros de altura y estoy dejando una anchura de unos tres metros.
&lt;br /&gt;En otras zonas, hay una vieja valla met&#225;lica que me sirve de gu&#237;a para marcar los l&#237;mites. &#201;sta contin&#250;a en pie desde que fuera instalada por el anterior propietario, hace unos veinte a&#241;os. &lt;br /&gt;A unos tres metros de dicha valla voy a podar los &#225;rboles a una altura de poco m&#225;s de un metro. Esperar&#233; la llegada del invierno para favorecer que &#233;stos broten en primavera; las nuevas ramas har&#225;n una buena barrera visual. He previsto que esta &#225;rea tenga aproximadamente dos metros de anchura.
&lt;br /&gt;Estos &#225;rboles ser&#225;n podados una vez cada tres o cuatro a&#241;os. De este modo, impediremos que den mucha sombra a la pradera y obtendremos ramas &#250;tiles para m&#250;ltiples usos.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/puce.gif&quot; width=&quot;8&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; alt=&quot;-&quot; /&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Reconocimiento de especies y lugares.&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Las amantes de setas comienzan a visitar el bosque y gracias a ellas, los caminos invadidos por las zarzas durante el verano pueden ya adivinarse entre la maleza. Aprovechamos las todav&#237;a c&#225;lidas tardes de oto&#241;o para explorar el bosque. Continuamos con la identificaci&#243;n de especies vegetales que habitan el lugar. Hemos encontrado:
&lt;br /&gt;Un peque&#241;o tejo (&lt;i class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Taxus Baccata&lt;/i&gt;).
&lt;br /&gt;Un Berberis o agracejo (&lt;i class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Berberis spp.&lt;/i&gt;; Barbery.)
&lt;br /&gt;Nuevos bulbos que a&#250;n no he logrado identificar.
&lt;br /&gt;Un gran espino blanco (&lt;i class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;crataegus monogyna&lt;/i&gt;; hawthorn; aub&#233;pine).
&lt;br /&gt;Un gran peral silvestre (&lt;i class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;pyrus pyraster&lt;/i&gt;).
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/puce.gif&quot; width=&quot;8&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; alt=&quot;-&quot; /&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Mantenimiento de la pradera.&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Contin&#250;o eliminando zarzas. He observado que hay que cortarlas con frecuencia hasta que comienzan a desaparecer y las gram&#237;neas se instalan r&#225;pidamente en su lugar, siendo &#233;stas mucho mas dif&#237;ciles de eliminar que las zarzas.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Las babosas siguen creando verdaderos problemas. Este verano apenas han dejado plantas vivas, han devorado pr&#225;cticamente todos nuestros cultivos. He decidido escribir un articulo a prop&#243;sito de este fastidioso molusco.
&lt;br /&gt;A pesar de los da&#241;os que est&#225;n causando, no he utilizado ninguna sustancia contra ellas. En la agricultura biol&#243;gica est&#225; permitido aplicar un producto a base de oxido de hierro, sin embargo prefiero buscar soluciones m&#225;s duraderas. Creemos que usando un veneno nos veremos forzados a hacerlo siempre, mientras que si dejamos a los depredadores instalarse en la pradera, &#233;stos reducir&#225;n progresivamente el n&#250;mero de babosas hasta llegar a un equilibrio que nos permita cultivar sin demasiadas perdidas. Ya veremos si es cierta nuestra teor&#237;a. Aunque la poblaci&#243;n de ranas (grandes comedoras de este pegajoso animal) ha aumentado durante el verano, parece que por el momento las babosas son a&#250;n demasiado numerosas.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;He aprovechado los lugares que ocupaban los cultivos de verano para sembrar abonos verdes. Entre ellos: centeno; haboncillo; avena; trigo sarraceno y facelia.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip">Este año podemos decir que el verano duró lo que dura un suspiro. Después de interminables meses de lluvia y frío, septiembre nos ha regalado algunas semanas de sol y playa. 
<br />Sin embargo, las gélidas mañanas de estos días nos anuncian la llegada de un otoño más. El bosque parece estar impaciente por vestir sus galas de invierno y va llenándolo todo de marrones y ocres; las hojas adelantan su caída; los champiñones asoman coloridos sombreros. Tengo la impresión de que el reloj de las estaciones va más rápido que en otras ocasiones.
<br />Durante el verano, las inclemencias del tiempo y las duras jornadas de maternidad hicieron que abandonara mis proyectos de agricultura forestal. Es hora de retomar el camino y aplicar  los nuevos conocimientos adquiridos gracias a la lectura.</p>

<p class="spip">Estas son las actividades que pretendo realizar durante los meses de otoño:</p>

<p class="spip"><img src="puce.gif" width="8" height="11" alt="-" />&nbsp;<strong class="spip">Marcar los límites de la pradera</strong>
<br /><img src="puce.gif" width="8" height="11" alt="-" />&nbsp;<strong class="spip">Reconocimiento de especies y lugares.</strong>
<br /><img src="puce.gif" width="8" height="11" alt="-" />&nbsp;<strong class="spip">Mantenimiento de la pradera.</strong></p>

<p class="spip"><img src="puce.gif" width="8" height="11" alt="-" />&nbsp;<strong class="spip">Marcar los límites de la pradera</strong>
<br />Ahora estoy eligiendo los limites del futuro bosque comestible.  
<br />Cuando es posible, dejo las zarzas ya instaladas, éstas ahuyentan las visitas poco deseadas; dan protección a muchas especies de animales y deliciosos frutos a finales del verano. En algunos lugares alcanzan más de dos metros de altura y estoy dejando una anchura de unos tres metros.
<br />En otras zonas, hay una vieja valla metálica que me sirve de guía para marcar los límites. Ésta continúa en pie desde que fuera instalada por el anterior propietario, hace unos veinte años. 
<br />A unos tres metros de dicha valla voy a podar los árboles a una altura de poco más de un metro. Esperaré la llegada del invierno para favorecer que éstos broten en primavera; las nuevas ramas harán una buena barrera visual.  He previsto que esta área tenga aproximadamente dos metros de anchura.
<br />Estos árboles serán podados una vez cada tres o cuatro años. De este modo, impediremos que den mucha sombra a la pradera y obtendremos ramas útiles para múltiples usos.</p>

<p class="spip"><img src="puce.gif" width="8" height="11" alt="-" />&nbsp;<strong class="spip">Reconocimiento de especies y lugares.</strong>
<br />Las amantes de setas comienzan a visitar el bosque y gracias a ellas, los caminos invadidos por las zarzas durante el verano pueden ya adivinarse entre la maleza. Aprovechamos las todavía cálidas tardes de otoño para explorar el bosque. Continuamos con la identificación de especies vegetales que habitan el lugar. Hemos encontrado:
<br />Un pequeño tejo (<i class="spip">Taxus Baccata</i>).
<br />Un Berberis o agracejo (<i class="spip">Berberis spp.</i>; Barbery.)
<br />Nuevos bulbos que aún no he logrado identificar.
<br />Un gran espino blanco (<i class="spip">crataegus monogyna</i>; hawthorn; aubépine).
<br />Un gran peral silvestre (<i class="spip">pyrus pyraster</i>).
<br />
<br /><img src="puce.gif" width="8" height="11" alt="-" />&nbsp;<strong class="spip">Mantenimiento de la pradera.</strong>
<br />Continúo eliminando zarzas. He observado que hay que cortarlas con frecuencia hasta que comienzan a desaparecer y las gramíneas se instalan rápidamente en su lugar, siendo éstas mucho mas difíciles de eliminar que las zarzas.</p>

<p class="spip">Las babosas siguen creando verdaderos problemas. Este verano apenas han dejado plantas vivas, han devorado prácticamente todos nuestros cultivos. He decidido escribir un articulo a propósito de este fastidioso molusco.
<br />A pesar de los daños que están causando, no he utilizado ninguna sustancia contra ellas. En la agricultura biológica está permitido aplicar un producto a base de oxido de hierro, sin embargo prefiero buscar soluciones más duraderas. Creemos que usando un veneno nos veremos forzados a hacerlo siempre, mientras que si dejamos a los depredadores instalarse en la pradera, éstos reducirán progresivamente el número de babosas hasta llegar a un equilibrio que nos permita cultivar sin demasiadas perdidas. Ya veremos si es cierta nuestra teoría. Aunque la población de ranas (grandes comedoras de este pegajoso animal) ha aumentado durante el verano, parece que por el momento las babosas son aún demasiado numerosas.</p>

<p class="spip">He aprovechado los lugares que ocupaban los cultivos de verano para sembrar abonos verdes. Entre ellos: centeno; haboncillo; avena; trigo sarraceno y facelia.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>4. Banc en pin et bouleau</title>
        <link>Banc-en-pin-et-bouleau</link>
        <pubDate>2006-04-05T17:51:40Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/La vie dans la forêt/</category>
        <guid>Banc-en-pin-et-bouleau</guid>
        <description>&lt;dl class='spip_document_287 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:188px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020224-sm.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 196.3 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/p4020224-sm-fd4c8.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 196.3 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;En effet, il faut &#234;tre deux pour le porter... Ce banc est construit &#224; partir d'un tronc de pin maritime de diam&#232;tre 50 cm coup&#233; &#224; une longueur d'environ un m&#232;tre vingt, puis fendu en deux. Il peut &#234;tre n&#233;c&#233;ssaire d'aplanir la surface du banc avec une hache ou une herminette. J'ai ensuite trouv&#233; quatre morceaux de bouleau dont le diam&#232;tre est &#233;quivalent ou l&#233;g&#232;rement sup&#233;rieur &#224; la largeur de la lame de ma tron&#231;onneuse, car les mortaises sont creus&#233;es &#224; l'aide de cet outil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Apr&#232;s avoir s&#233;lectionn&#233; les pieds, ou perce les mortaises &#224; la tron&#231;onneuse, en enfoncant l'extremit&#233; de la lame &#224; l'angle voulu (de mani&#232;re &#224; ce que le pied soit inclin&#233; vers l'ext&#233;rieur du banc, pour lui donner une meilleure stabilit&#233;) et en percant toute l'&#233;paisseur du tronc. On r&#233;p&#232;te l'op&#233;ration parall&#232;lement &#224; 4 ou 5 cm &#224; c&#244;t&#233; du premier trou, puis on enl&#232;ve le bois entre les deux, soit &#224; la tron&#231;onneuse soit au ciseau &#224; bois. La &quot;longueur&quot; de la mortaise n'est pas ajustable, il s'agit de la largeur de la lame de tron&#231;onneuse. On voit donc la n&#233;c&#233;ssit&#233; de choisir des pieds de taille adapt&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_288 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020227-sm.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 68.7 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020227-sm-8d704.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 68.7 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Il faut ensuite tailler les pieds pour qu'ils rentrent en for&#231;ant l&#233;g&#232;rement dans les mortaises. Ils doivent d&#233;passer un peu sur le dessus du banc. Dans ce qui d&#233;passe, on pratique un trait de scie perpendiculairement au fil de l'assise (pour &#233;viter son &#233;clatement) o&#249; ins&#233;rer un coin en ch&#234;ne. Le coin est ins&#233;r&#233; &#224; la masse, puis ce qui d&#233;passe est sci&#233; &#224; ras de l'assise.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Il faut ensuite mettre en place le dossier, ce qui n'est pas indispensalbe, mais rend le banc beaucoup plus confortable. On perce d'abord deux trous de diametre 30 mm ou plus dans l'assise, &#224; l'arri&#232;re de celle ci et &#224; environ 8 &#224; 10 cm des bords. Ces trous seront inclin&#233;s vers l'arri&#232;re pour donner au dossier une inclinaison agr&#233;able. Les montants sont ensuite taill&#233;s &#224; une extr&#233;mit&#233; pour entrer dans les trous. Ils sont ins&#233;r&#233;s, leur maintien &#233;tant assur&#233; soit par un coin non d&#233;bouchant, soit par simple pression. Il faut alors mettre en place le dossier proprement dit, qui est fix&#233; sur les montants &#224; l'aide de chevilles.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_289 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:188px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020230-sm.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 115.5 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/p4020230-sm-2753d.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 115.5 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le dossier est r&#233;alis&#233; &#224; partir d'un morceau de chataigner, ou de tout autre bois facile &#224; fendre, fendu en deux puis fix&#233; aux montants par des chevilles. Pour cela, les montants et le dossier sont contre-perc&#233;s (on perce les montants et le dossier en m&#234;me temps pour &#234;tre s&#251;r de l'alignement des trous). Les chevilles sont taill&#233;es dans du ch&#234;ne bien sec, a la forme d'un clou, plus ou moins, et l'extr&#233;mit&#233; oppos&#233;e &#224; la t&#234;te est sci&#233;e pour pr&#233;parer l'insertion d'un coin.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le dossier est alors maintenu en place et le chevilles ins&#233;r&#233;es, en force s'il le faut. Des coins sont alors rentr&#233;s au &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/Les-outils&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;maillet&lt;/a&gt; dans le trait de scie &#224; l'extr&#233;mit&#233; des chevilles, ce qui bloque le dossier.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le banc est alors termin&#233;, il ne vous reste plus qu'a appeler quelqu'un pour le mettre &#224; sa place !&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<dl class='spip_document_287 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:188px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020224-sm.jpg" title='JPEG - 196.3 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/p4020224-sm-fd4c8.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 196.3 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">En effet, il faut être deux pour le porter... Ce banc est construit à partir d&#8217;un tronc de pin maritime de diamètre 50 cm coupé à une longueur d&#8217;environ un mètre vingt, puis fendu en deux. Il peut être nécéssaire d&#8217;aplanir la surface du banc avec une hache ou une herminette. J&#8217;ai ensuite trouvé quatre morceaux de bouleau dont le diamètre est équivalent ou légèrement supérieur à la largeur de la lame de ma tronçonneuse, car les mortaises sont creusées à l&#8217;aide de cet outil.</p>
<hr />
<p class="spip">Après avoir sélectionné les pieds, ou perce les mortaises à la tronçonneuse, en enfoncant l&#8217;extremité de la lame à l&#8217;angle voulu (de manière à ce que le pied soit incliné vers l&#8217;extérieur du banc, pour lui donner une meilleure stabilité) et en percant toute l&#8217;épaisseur du tronc. On répète l&#8217;opération parallèlement à 4 ou 5 cm à côté du premier trou, puis on enlève le bois entre les deux, soit à la tronçonneuse soit au ciseau à bois. La "longueur" de la mortaise n&#8217;est pas ajustable, il s&#8217;agit de la largeur de la lame de tronçonneuse. On voit donc la nécéssité de choisir des pieds de taille adaptée.</p>

<dl class='spip_document_288 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020227-sm.jpg" title='JPEG - 68.7 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020227-sm-8d704.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 68.7 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Il faut ensuite tailler les pieds pour qu&#8217;ils rentrent en forçant légèrement dans les mortaises. Ils doivent dépasser un peu sur le dessus du banc. Dans ce qui dépasse, on pratique un trait de scie perpendiculairement au fil de l&#8217;assise (pour éviter son éclatement) où insérer un coin en chêne. Le coin est inséré à la masse, puis ce qui dépasse est scié à ras de l&#8217;assise.</p>

<p class="spip">Il faut ensuite mettre en place le dossier, ce qui n&#8217;est pas indispensalbe, mais rend le banc beaucoup plus confortable. On perce d&#8217;abord deux trous de diametre 30 mm ou plus dans l&#8217;assise, à l&#8217;arrière de celle ci et à environ 8 à 10 cm des bords. Ces trous seront inclinés vers l&#8217;arrière pour donner au dossier une inclinaison agréable. Les montants sont ensuite taillés à une extrémité pour entrer dans les trous. Ils sont insérés, leur maintien étant assuré soit par un coin non débouchant, soit par simple pression. Il faut alors mettre en place le dossier proprement dit, qui est fixé sur les montants à l&#8217;aide de chevilles.</p>

<dl class='spip_document_289 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:188px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020230-sm.jpg" title='JPEG - 115.5 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/p4020230-sm-2753d.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 115.5 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Le dossier est réalisé à partir d&#8217;un morceau de chataigner, ou de tout autre bois facile à fendre, fendu en deux puis fixé aux montants par des chevilles. Pour cela, les montants et le dossier sont contre-percés (on perce les montants et le dossier en même temps pour être sûr de l&#8217;alignement des trous). Les chevilles sont taillées dans du chêne bien sec, a la forme d&#8217;un clou, plus ou moins, et l&#8217;extrémité opposée à la tête est sciée pour préparer l&#8217;insertion d&#8217;un coin.</p>

<p class="spip">Le dossier est alors maintenu en place et le chevilles insérées, en force s&#8217;il le faut. Des coins sont alors rentrés au <a href="Les-outils" class="spip_in">maillet</a> dans le trait de scie à l&#8217;extrémité des chevilles, ce qui bloque le dossier.</p>

<p class="spip">Le banc est alors terminé, il ne vous reste plus qu&#8217;a appeler quelqu&#8217;un pour le mettre à sa place&nbsp;!</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>It's cold!</title>
        <link>It-s-cold</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-21T17:49:07Z</pubDate>
        <category>Home Page/</category>
        <guid>It-s-cold</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;After few days of intense coldness at the beginning of autumn, in which we used to wake up with the windows of the caravane frozen, we understood that we had to find the resources to build a small annex where we would be able to install a fireplace or wood stove that would allow us to get warm and avoid the humidity, which was starting to be a serious problem.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;We thought a lot, we looked around us to collect the highest possible amount of materials, we have had some contacts and here are the results:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Building an ecological cabin&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Budjet:
&lt;br /&gt;50 &#8364; (30 &#8364; for a tarp and 20&#8364; for nails)
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Dimensions:
&lt;br /&gt;3 metres by 2'50 metres
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Materials:
&lt;br /&gt;Wood (some trees from the forest)
&lt;br /&gt;Earth (taken a few meters from the caravan)
&lt;br /&gt;Bamboo (it grows near the stream in the forest) &lt;br /&gt;Straw (gift)
&lt;br /&gt;Plastic tarp (bought)
&lt;br /&gt;Nails (bought)
&lt;br /&gt;Two windows (gift)
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Tools:
&lt;br /&gt;Chainsaw
&lt;br /&gt;Nail
&lt;br /&gt;Drawknife
&lt;br /&gt;Spade
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Team:
&lt;br /&gt;Two people
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Time spent building:
&lt;br /&gt;One month&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The plastic tarp is the only non ecological material in the building. It was used to make the roof rainproof. For this purpose, we could have used a special clay or metal roofing. Our budjet forced us to choose plastic, but I am against using this material and I hope to change it as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Except for this inconvenient, the rest of the building is 100% natural. We feel differently in this part of our home. We use it as kitchen, but it doesn't stop it from being our guests' favorite room. In fact, It is where I spend most of my time when I'm at home. If you are thinking about building a house, do not hesitate to use natural materials, you will feel much better and be healthier too.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Futhermore, when we decide to move, we will just remove the tarp and the windows and the cabane will be 100% biodegradable. With some help, it can disappear in a few months. In this way, our stay in the forest will go unheeded, and our kitchen will feed millions or little animals and micro-organisms. There are only advantages in ecological construction.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The steps to do it&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Here are a few photos where I try to show schematically how we built this annex to our caravan. If you wish to obtain more information, do not hesitate to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/-Contact-us-&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;contact us&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;You can click on the photos to see them in higher resolution.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_235 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/charpente2.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 85.8 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/charpente1.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 85.8 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Installing the roof structure.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The wood we chose is chesnut due to it's resistance and durability. It was debarked using a drawknife to prevent rot. As it is green, we have to take it's shrinking into account, as it dries.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The uprights are set 70 cm deep in the earth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_237 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tejado1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 86.8 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tejado2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 86.8 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;We built the roof before the walls to be able to work sheltered from the rain.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;On the main structure we layed bamboo to hold the tarp that will be used to rainproof the roof. We started installing them one by one, but afterwards we used an african technique where they are tied together before they are put on the roof, so that they are closer together and therefore hold the tarp better. The result is also more aesthetically pleasing with this method.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_240 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/muro1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 80.6 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/muro2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 80.6 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;For the walls, we used birch. Most of them weren't debarked to save time. They were nailed directly to the uprights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_242 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tierra1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 92.7 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tierra2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 92.7 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;To cover the spaces between the pieces of wood and insulate the walls, we used a mix of earth, straw and water.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_244 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cubierta1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 60.8 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cubierta2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 60.8 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;This mix was applied to the walls while it was still humid. Normally, you have to apply three coats to get a good finish. It is useful to force down the last coat with a flat rock to obtain a smooth surface without cracks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_246 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/pared1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 53.6 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/pared1PETIT.jpg' width='250' height='171' alt='JPEG - 53.6 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Here is a wall almost finished.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;I don't have any pictures of the floor to show you the technique we used. It consists of &quot;slices&quot; of log, about 5-10 cm thick, layed down like tiles, with earth between them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_248 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cabnevada1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 75.1 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cabnevada1petit.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 75.1 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Thankfully, we finished on time&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;On the tarp, we put some straw and then earth to obtain a living roof, great for insulation. In the spring, flowers will grow on our heads!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip"><br />
<br />After few days of intense coldness at the beginning of autumn, in which we used to wake up with the windows of the caravane frozen, we understood that we had to find the resources to build a small annex where we would be able to install a fireplace or wood stove that would allow us to get warm and avoid the humidity, which was starting to be a serious problem.</p>

<p class="spip">We thought a lot, we looked around us to collect the highest possible amount of materials, we have had some contacts and here are the results:</p>

<h3 class="spip">Building an ecological cabin</h3>
<p class="spip">Budjet:
<br />50 &#8364; (30 &#8364; for a tarp and 20&#8364; for nails)
<br />
<br />Dimensions:
<br />3 metres by 2&#8217;50 metres
<br />
<br />Materials:
<br />Wood (some trees from the forest)
<br />Earth (taken a few meters from the caravan)
<br />Bamboo (it grows near the stream in the forest) 
<br />Straw (gift)
<br />Plastic tarp (bought)
<br />Nails (bought)
<br />Two windows (gift)
<br />
<br />Tools:
<br />Chainsaw
<br />Nail
<br />Drawknife
<br />Spade
<br />
<br />Team:
<br />Two people
<br />
<br />Time spent building:
<br />One month</p>

<p class="spip">The plastic tarp is the only non ecological material in the building. It was used to make the roof rainproof. For this purpose, we could have used a special clay or metal roofing. Our budjet forced us to choose plastic, but I am against using this material and I hope to change it as soon as possible.</p>

<p class="spip">Except for this inconvenient, the rest of the building is 100% natural. We feel differently in this part of our home. We use it as kitchen, but it doesn&#8217;t stop it from being our guests&#8217; favorite room. In fact, It is where I spend most of my time when I&#8217;m at home. If you are thinking about building a house, do not hesitate to use natural materials, you will feel much better and be healthier too.</p>

<p class="spip">Futhermore, when we decide to move, we will just remove the tarp and the windows and the cabane will be 100% biodegradable. With some help, it can disappear in a few months. In this way, our stay in the forest will go unheeded, and our kitchen will feed millions or little animals and micro-organisms. There are only advantages in ecological construction.</p>

<h3 class="spip">The steps to do it</h3>
<p class="spip">Here are a few photos where I try to show schematically how we built this annex to our caravan. If you wish to obtain more information, do not hesitate to <a href="-Contact-us-" class="spip_in">contact us</a></p>

<p class="spip">You can click on the photos to see them in higher resolution.</p>

<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_235 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/charpente2.jpg" title='JPEG - 85.8 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/charpente1.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 85.8 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Installing the roof structure.</p>

<p class="spip">The wood we chose is chesnut due to it&#8217;s resistance and durability. It was debarked using a drawknife to prevent rot. As it is green, we have to take it&#8217;s shrinking into account, as it dries.</p>

<p class="spip">The uprights are set 70 cm deep in the earth.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_237 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/tejado1.jpg" title='JPEG - 86.8 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/tejado2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 86.8 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">We built the roof before the walls to be able to work sheltered from the rain.</p>

<p class="spip">On the main structure we layed bamboo to hold the tarp that will be used to rainproof the roof. We started installing them one by one, but afterwards we used an african technique where they are tied together before they are put on the roof, so that they are closer together and therefore hold the tarp better. The result is also more aesthetically pleasing with this method.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_240 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/muro1.jpg" title='JPEG - 80.6 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/muro2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 80.6 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">For the walls, we used birch. Most of them weren&#8217;t debarked to save time. They were nailed directly to the uprights.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_242 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/tierra1.jpg" title='JPEG - 92.7 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/tierra2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 92.7 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">To cover the spaces between the pieces of wood and insulate the walls, we used a mix of earth, straw and water.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_244 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/cubierta1.jpg" title='JPEG - 60.8 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/cubierta2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 60.8 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">This mix was applied to the walls while it was still humid. Normally, you have to apply three coats to get a good finish. It is useful to force down the last coat with a flat rock to obtain a smooth surface without cracks.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_246 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/pared1.jpg" title='JPEG - 53.6 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/pared1PETIT.jpg' width='250' height='171' alt='JPEG - 53.6 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Here is a wall almost finished.</p>

<p class="spip">I don&#8217;t have any pictures of the floor to show you the technique we used. It consists of "slices" of log, about 5-10 cm thick, layed down like tiles, with earth between them.</p>
</div>
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_248 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/cabnevada1.jpg" title='JPEG - 75.1 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/cabnevada1petit.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 75.1 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Thankfully, we finished on time</p>

<p class="spip">On the tarp, we put some straw and then earth to obtain a living roof, great for insulation. In the spring, flowers will grow on our heads!</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>1. Homemade tools</title>
        <link>Homemade-tools</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-21T10:10:15Z</pubDate>
        <category>Home Page/Life in the forest/</category>
        <guid>Homemade-tools</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The tools I use to build rustic furniture are essentially hand tools. The non cutting tools are made of wood and I do them myself.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Of course, with some dexterity and courage, you can build many kinds of furniture with only an axe, but here is a list of the tools I consider essential:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;one or more axe, a knife, a mallet, a sledgehammer or maul, steel and wooden wedges, hand drill and bits, auger bits.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;And useful tools:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;drawknife, chisels and a plane.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The maul&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The maul is basically a wooden sledgehammer. It is built in the same way as a mallet, so these instructions are valid for both, simply adjust the dimensions given.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;First, select a piece of log about 15-20 cm in diameter from a hard wood, difficult to split, such as elm, beech, yew, apple or pear.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Drill the maul head perpendicularly to the log, at a diameter over 35 mm, otherwise the maul won't last very long.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The next step is to choose a handle. It can be a simple branch, but the best method is to cleave an ash or beech log of larger diameter, so as to avoid the pith of the wood. The final diameter should be about 4 cm, and the length around 1 m. If you use cleft wood, round it of carefully, otherwise it will be rather uncomfortable to use... One end of the handle is whittled to the diameter of the hole, first using an axe, then the knife, so that in fits tighly all the way through the head. Next, cut a slot in the end of the handle about 5-10 cm deep to enable you to drive in a wedge. Make the wedge following the instructions in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/Split-chesnut-chair&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Insert the handle in the head, and drive in the wedge from the other end. They are then locked solidly together.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;One last thing before you can use your new maul: Slightly chamfer the ends of the head, it will help it resist splitting.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The club&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_284 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020231.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 843.1 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020231-75464.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 843.1 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;This kind of club is very easy to carve. You need a piece o log 15 to 20 cm in diameter and about 30 to 40 cm long, in one of the species used for the maul head, even though this tool is so easy to make that it could be redone often.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;15 cm from one end, saw all around the log, leaving a heart of about 5 cm diameter. Remove the wood betwen that saw cut and the end by splitting it out with the axe. Finish the handle smoothing it with a knife, a chisel or any other tool you feel comfortable with.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;You then obtain a club useful for a variety of tasks. I use it mainly to hit the axe when I split firwood, when the maul described above would be too heavy and unwieldy, but also to hit the various parts when assembling furniture.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The axe&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_285 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020239.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 831.7 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020239-d94c4.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 831.7 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;This axe is a small one of about 800 grams I bought at the local hardware shop. The original handle broke fairly rapidly, and I replaced it with one I carved from beech. However, as I had to do it in an emergency, I used green wood, and it is starting to show some weaknesses, but the next one is carved already, drying for as long as possible (until the other one breaks) before being fitted.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip">The tools I use to build rustic furniture are essentially hand tools. The non cutting tools are made of wood and I do them myself.</p>

<p class="spip">Of course, with some dexterity and courage, you can build many kinds of furniture with only an axe, but here is a list of the tools I consider essential:</p>

<p class="spip">one or more axe, a knife, a mallet, a sledgehammer or maul, steel and wooden wedges, hand drill and bits, auger bits.</p>

<p class="spip">And useful tools:</p>

<p class="spip">drawknife, chisels and a plane.</p>

<h3 class="spip">The maul</h3>
<p class="spip">The maul is basically a wooden sledgehammer. It is built in the same way as a mallet, so these instructions are valid for both, simply adjust the dimensions given.</p>

<p class="spip">First, select a piece of log about 15-20 cm in diameter from a hard wood, difficult to split, such as elm, beech, yew, apple or pear.</p>

<p class="spip">Drill the maul head perpendicularly to the log, at a diameter over 35 mm, otherwise the maul won&#8217;t last very long.</p>

<p class="spip">The next step is to choose a handle. It can be a simple branch, but the best method is to cleave an ash or beech log of larger diameter, so as to avoid the pith of the wood. The final diameter should be about 4 cm, and the length around 1 m. If you use cleft wood, round it of carefully, otherwise it will be rather uncomfortable to use... One end of the handle is whittled to the diameter of the hole, first using an axe, then the knife, so that in fits tighly all the way through the head. Next, cut a slot in the end of the handle about 5-10 cm deep to enable you to drive in a wedge. Make the wedge following the instructions in <a href="Split-chesnut-chair" class="spip_in">this article</a></p>

<p class="spip">Insert the handle in the head, and drive in the wedge from the other end. They are then locked solidly together.</p>

<p class="spip">One last thing before you can use your new maul: Slightly chamfer the ends of the head, it will help it resist splitting.</p>

<h3 class="spip">The club</h3>
<dl class='spip_document_284 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020231.jpg" title='JPEG - 843.1 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020231-75464.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 843.1 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">This kind of club is very easy to carve. You need a piece o log 15 to 20 cm in diameter and about 30 to 40 cm long, in one of the species used for the maul head, even though this tool is so easy to make that it could be redone often.</p>

<p class="spip">15 cm from one end, saw all around the log, leaving a heart of about 5 cm diameter. Remove the wood betwen that saw cut and the end by splitting it out with the axe. Finish the handle smoothing it with a knife, a chisel or any other tool you feel comfortable with.</p>

<p class="spip">You then obtain a club useful for a variety of tasks. I use it mainly to hit the axe when I split firwood, when the maul described above would be too heavy and unwieldy, but also to hit the various parts when assembling furniture.</p>

<h3 class="spip">The axe</h3>
<dl class='spip_document_285 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020239.jpg" title='JPEG - 831.7 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020239-d94c4.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 831.7 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">This axe is a small one of about 800 grams I bought at the local hardware shop. The original handle broke fairly rapidly, and I replaced it with one I carved from beech. However, as I had to do it in an emergency, I used green wood, and it is starting to show some weaknesses, but the next one is carved already, drying for as long as possible (until the other one breaks) before being fitted.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>&#161; Hace fr&#237;o !</title>
        <link>Hace-frio</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-19T09:19:17Z</pubDate>
        <category>Inicio/</category>
        <guid>Hace-frio</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Despu&#233;s de algunos d&#237;as de intenso fr&#237;o al inicio del oto&#241;o, en los cuales nos despertabamos con las ventanas de la caravana heladas, comprendimos que deb&#237;amos encontrar los medios para construir un peque&#241;o anexo donde poder instalar una chimenea que nos permitiera calentarnos y evitar la humedad, la cual comenzaba a ser un problema serio.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Reflexionamos mucho, miramos a nuestro alrededor para recolectar la mayor cantidad posible de materiales, hicimos algunos contactos y he aqu&#237; el resultado:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Construcci&#243;n de una caba&#241;a ecol&#243;gica&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Presupuesto:
&lt;br /&gt;50 &#8364; (30 &#8364; para una cubierta de pl&#225;stico y 20&#8364; de clavos)
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Dimensi&#243;n:
&lt;br /&gt;3 metros por 2'50 metros
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Materiales:
&lt;br /&gt;Madera (algunos &#225;rboles del bosque)
&lt;br /&gt;Tierra (cogida a algunos metros de la caravana)
&lt;br /&gt;Bambu (Crece al borde del arroyo del bosque) &lt;br /&gt;Paja (Donada amablemente por un conocido)
&lt;br /&gt;Cubierta de pl&#225;stico (Comprada)
&lt;br /&gt;Clavos (Comprados)
&lt;br /&gt;Dos ventanas (Donados amablemente por una conocida)
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Herramientas:
&lt;br /&gt;Motosierra
&lt;br /&gt;Martillo
&lt;br /&gt;Desbastadora
&lt;br /&gt;Pala
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Equipo de trabajo:
&lt;br /&gt;Dos personas
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Tiempo dedicado a la construcci&#243;n:
&lt;br /&gt;Un mes&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;La cubierta de pl&#225;stico es el &#250;nico material no ecol&#243;gico de la construcci&#243;n. Ha sido utilizada para aislar el tejado de la lluvia. Para este prop&#243;sito lo ideal hubiera sido utilizar arcilla o en su defecto, chapa ondulada. Nuestro presupuesto nos ha forzado a optar por el pl&#225;stico pero yo estoy contra la utilizaci&#243;n de este material y espero cambiarlo cuando tengamos la posibilidad de hacerlo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;A parte de este inconveniente, el resto de la construcci&#243;n es 100% natural. Nos sentimos de forma diferente en esta pieza de la casa, aqu&#237; hemos instalado la cocina y esto no impide que sea el lugar favorito de los invitados. De hecho, es en este peque&#241;o lugar donde paso la mayor parte de mi tiempo cuando estoy en casa. Si est&#225;is pensando construir una casa, no dudeis en utilizar materiales naturales, os sentireis mejor y ganareis en salud.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Adem&#225;s, cuando decidamos mudarnos, podremos quitar la cubierta de pl&#225;stico y las ventanas y la caba&#241;a ser&#225; 100% biodegradable. Con un poco de ayuda, puede desaparecer en algunos meses. De esta forma, nuestro paso por el bosque ser&#225; desapercibido sirviendo nuestra cocina de alimento para millones de peque&#241;os animales y microorganismos. Solo hay ventajas en la construcci&#243;n ecol&#243;gica !&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;He aqu&#237; algunas fotos en las cuales intento mostrar esquem&#225;ticamente como hemos realizado el anexo de nuestra caravana, si deseais saber m&#225;s, no dudeis en contactarnos.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Podeis hacer clic sobre las fotos para agrandarlas:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl class='spip_document_235 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/charpente2.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 85.8 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/charpente1.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 85.8 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Instalaci&#243;n del armaz&#243;n.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;La madera elegida es de casta&#241;o debido a su resistencia y persistencia. Se ha eliminado la corteza con una desbastadora para evitar la putrefacci&#243;n. Como la madera es verde debemos contar con un cambio de volumen cuando seque. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Los postes est&#225;n enterrados 70cm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl class='spip_document_237 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tejado1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 86.8 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tejado2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 86.8 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Hemos hecho el tejado antes que los muros para poder trabajar pretegidos de la lluvia. &lt;br /&gt;Sobre el armaz&#243;n hemos puesto bamb&#250; para sujetar mejor la cubierta de pl&#225;stico que servir&#225; de aislante contra el agua. Hemos comenzado a instalar el bamb&#250; uno a uno, pero despu&#233;s hemos puesto en pr&#225;ctica una t&#233;cnica africana que consiste a atarlos antes de ponerlos sobre el tejado, de tal forma que est&#225;n m&#225;s juntos y por lo tanto sujetan mejor el pl&#225;stico. Adem&#225;s, esta t&#233;cnica es m&#225;s est&#233;tica.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_240 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/muro1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 80.6 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/muro2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 80.6 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Para hacer los muros hemos utilizado abedul. No hemos retirado la corteza para ganar tiempo. &lt;br /&gt;Los trozos de madera han sido directamente clavados en los postes de casta&#241;o.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_242 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tierra1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 92.7 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/tierra2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 92.7 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Para cubrir los espacios entre la madera y aislar los muros se ha hecho una mezcla de tierra, paja y agua.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_244 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cubierta1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 60.8 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cubierta2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 60.8 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Esta mezcla se ha extendido sobre los muros cuando estaba todav&#237;a h&#250;meda. Normalmente hay que poner tres capas para asegurar un buen aislamiento. Es conveniente apisonar bien la &#250;ltima capa con una piedra plana para evitar las grietas y obtener una superficie lisa.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_246 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/pared1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 53.6 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/pared1PETIT.jpg' width='250' height='171' alt='JPEG - 53.6 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;En esta foto aparece un muro casi terminado. No tengo fotos del suelo para mostrar la t&#233;cnica que hemos utilazado, hecho con madera y tierra.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_248 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cabnevada1.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 75.1 KB' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/cabnevada1petit.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 75.1 KB' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Afortunadamente hemos termiando a tiempo!
&lt;br /&gt;Sobre la cubierta de pl&#225;stico hemos puesto paja y despu&#233;s tierra para hacer un tejado vegetal, una forma excelente de aislamiento. En primavera, tendremos flores que crecer&#225;n sobre nuestras cabezas!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip"><br />
<br />Después de algunos días de intenso frío al inicio del otoño, en los cuales nos despertabamos con las ventanas de la caravana heladas, comprendimos que debíamos encontrar los medios para construir un pequeño anexo donde poder instalar una chimenea que nos permitiera calentarnos y evitar la humedad, la cual comenzaba a ser un problema serio.</p>

<p class="spip">Reflexionamos mucho, miramos a nuestro alrededor para recolectar la mayor cantidad posible de materiales, hicimos algunos contactos y he aquí el resultado:</p>

<p class="spip"><strong class="spip">Construcción de una cabaña ecológica</strong>:</p>

<p class="spip">Presupuesto:
<br />50 &#8364; (30 &#8364; para una cubierta de plástico y 20&#8364; de clavos)
<br />
<br />Dimensión:
<br />3 metros por 2&#8217;50 metros
<br />
<br />Materiales:
<br />Madera (algunos árboles del bosque)
<br />Tierra (cogida a algunos metros de la caravana)
<br />Bambu (Crece al borde del arroyo del bosque) 
<br />Paja (Donada amablemente por un conocido)
<br />Cubierta de plástico (Comprada)
<br />Clavos (Comprados)
<br />Dos ventanas (Donados amablemente por una conocida)
<br />
<br />Herramientas:
<br />Motosierra
<br />Martillo
<br />Desbastadora
<br />Pala
<br />
<br />Equipo de trabajo:
<br />Dos personas
<br />
<br />Tiempo dedicado a la construcción:
<br />Un mes</p>

<p class="spip">La cubierta de plástico es el único material no ecológico de la construcción. Ha sido utilizada para aislar el tejado de la lluvia. Para este propósito lo ideal hubiera sido utilizar arcilla o en su defecto, chapa ondulada. Nuestro presupuesto nos ha forzado a optar por el plástico pero yo estoy contra la utilización de este material y espero cambiarlo cuando tengamos la posibilidad de hacerlo.</p>

<p class="spip">A parte de este inconveniente, el resto de la construcción es 100% natural. Nos sentimos de forma diferente en esta pieza de la casa, aquí hemos instalado la cocina y esto no impide que sea el lugar favorito de los invitados. De hecho, es en este pequeño lugar donde paso la mayor parte de mi tiempo cuando estoy en casa. Si estáis pensando construir una casa, no dudeis en utilizar materiales naturales, os sentireis mejor y ganareis en salud.</p>

<p class="spip">Además, cuando decidamos mudarnos, podremos quitar la cubierta de plástico y las ventanas y la cabaña será 100% biodegradable. Con un poco de ayuda, puede desaparecer en algunos meses. De esta forma, nuestro paso por el bosque será desapercibido sirviendo nuestra cocina de alimento para millones de pequeños animales y microorganismos. Solo hay ventajas en la construcción ecológica !</p>

<p class="spip">He aquí algunas fotos en las cuales intento mostrar esquemáticamente como hemos realizado el anexo de nuestra caravana, si deseais saber más, no dudeis en contactarnos.
<br />
<br />Podeis hacer clic sobre las fotos para agrandarlas:</p>

<div style="clear:both">
<br /><dl class='spip_document_235 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/charpente2.jpg" title='JPEG - 85.8 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/charpente1.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 85.8 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Instalación del armazón.
<br />
<br />La madera elegida es de castaño debido a su resistencia y persistencia. Se ha eliminado la corteza con una desbastadora para evitar la putrefacción. Como la madera es verde debemos contar con un cambio de volumen cuando seque. 
<br />
<br />Los postes están enterrados 70cm.</p>
</div>
<br />
<br /><div style="clear:both">
<br /><dl class='spip_document_237 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/tejado1.jpg" title='JPEG - 86.8 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/tejado2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 86.8 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Hemos hecho el tejado antes que los muros para poder trabajar pretegidos de la lluvia. 
<br />Sobre el armazón hemos puesto bambú para sujetar mejor la cubierta de plástico que servirá de aislante contra el agua. Hemos comenzado a instalar el bambú uno a uno, pero después hemos puesto en práctica una técnica africana que consiste a atarlos antes de ponerlos sobre el tejado, de tal forma que están más juntos y por lo tanto sujetan mejor el plástico. Además, esta técnica es más estética.
<br /></p>
</div>
<br />
<div style="clear:both">
<dl class='spip_document_240 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/muro1.jpg" title='JPEG - 80.6 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/muro2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 80.6 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Para hacer los muros hemos utilizado abedul. No hemos retirado la corteza para ganar tiempo. 
<br />Los trozos de madera han sido directamente clavados en los postes de castaño.</p>

</div>
<br />
<div style="clear:both">
<br />
<dl class='spip_document_242 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/tierra1.jpg" title='JPEG - 92.7 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/tierra2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 92.7 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Para cubrir los espacios entre la madera y aislar los muros se ha hecho una mezcla de tierra, paja y agua.</p>

</div>
<br />
 <div style="clear:both">
<br />
<dl class='spip_document_244 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/cubierta1.jpg" title='JPEG - 60.8 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/cubierta2.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 60.8 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Esta mezcla se ha extendido sobre los muros cuando estaba todavía húmeda. Normalmente hay que poner tres capas para asegurar un buen aislamiento. Es conveniente apisonar bien la última capa con una piedra plana para evitar las grietas y obtener una superficie lisa.</p>

</div>
<br />
 <div style="clear:both">
<br />
<dl class='spip_document_246 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/pared1.jpg" title='JPEG - 53.6 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/pared1PETIT.jpg' width='250' height='171' alt='JPEG - 53.6 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">En esta foto aparece un muro casi terminado. No tengo fotos del suelo para mostrar la técnica que hemos utilazado, hecho con madera y tierra.</p>

</div>
<br />
 <div style="clear:both">
<br />
<dl class='spip_document_248 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/cabnevada1.jpg" title='JPEG - 75.1 KB' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/jpg/cabnevada1petit.jpg' width='250' height='187' alt='JPEG - 75.1 KB' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Afortunadamente hemos termiando a tiempo!
<br />Sobre la cubierta de plástico hemos puesto paja y después tierra para hacer un tejado vegetal, una forma excelente de aislamiento. En primavera, tendremos flores que crecerán sobre nuestras cabezas!</p>

</div>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>4. Stick chair</title>
        <link>Stick-chair</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-12T17:40:21Z</pubDate>
        <category>Home Page/Life in the forest/</category>
        <guid>Stick-chair</guid>
        <description>&lt;dl class='spip_document_264 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:150px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110138_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 74.5 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110138_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 74.5 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;This chair is built from sweet chesnut sticks, abundant in my locality, in diameters between 4 and 8 cm, joined by tenons and mortises. This means that at the junction between a leg end a stretcher, for example, the leg is drilled at a given diameter (not under 20 mm for sufficient strength) and the ends of the stretcher are shaped to fit using an axe and/or a knife.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_266 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:200px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110147_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 80.3 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110147_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='200' height='150' alt='JPEG - 80.3 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;When you have a good fit, the end of the tenon is sawn so that a wedge can be inserted. Be careful that the wedge is perpendicular to the grain of the wood in the leg, otherwise it may split when the wedge is forced in.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The seat material is obtained from a chesnut log about 10cm in diameter split so as to get several small boards. These are fixed to the top rungs using wooden pins, no metal is used in my furniture, in fact, even some of my &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/Homemade-tools&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;homemade tools&lt;/a&gt; are in wood.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_268 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:200px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110151_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 61.3 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110151_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='200' height='150' alt='JPEG - 61.3 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The back is built up from a nice branch with a comfortable bend I found near the firewood pile. It is fixed to the back posts with tenons and mortises. Another similar part is located lower down to hold two thin uprights which finish off the backrest, and the chair.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<dl class='spip_document_264 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:150px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110138_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 74.5 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110138_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 74.5 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">This chair is built from sweet chesnut sticks, abundant in my locality, in diameters between 4 and 8 cm, joined by tenons and mortises. This means that at the junction between a leg end a stretcher, for example, the leg is drilled at a given diameter (not under 20 mm for sufficient strength) and the ends of the stretcher are shaped to fit using an axe and/or a knife.</p>

<dl class='spip_document_266 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:200px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110147_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 80.3 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110147_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='200' height='150' alt='JPEG - 80.3 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">When you have a good fit, the end of the tenon is sawn so that a wedge can be inserted. Be careful that the wedge is perpendicular to the grain of the wood in the leg, otherwise it may split when the wedge is forced in.</p>

<p class="spip">The seat material is obtained from a chesnut log about 10cm in diameter split so as to get several small boards. These are fixed to the top rungs using wooden pins, no metal is used in my furniture, in fact, even some of my <a href="Homemade-tools" class="spip_in">homemade tools</a> are in wood.</p>

<dl class='spip_document_268 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:200px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110151_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 61.3 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110151_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='200' height='150' alt='JPEG - 61.3 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">The back is built up from a nice branch with a comfortable bend I found near the firewood pile. It is fixed to the back posts with tenons and mortises. Another similar part is located lower down to hold two thin uprights which finish off the backrest, and the chair.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>2. Split chesnut chair</title>
        <link>Split-chesnut-chair</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-12T15:57:07Z</pubDate>
        <category>Home Page/Life in the forest/</category>
        <guid>Split-chesnut-chair</guid>
        <description>&lt;dl class='spip_document_258 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:150px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110155_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 153.4 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110155_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 153.4 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;This chair is my first. It's been created from a chesnut log about 60cm long and 20 to 25 cm diameter. This normally allows the assembly of two chairs.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;First, you have to split the log in half, and then each half in half againto obtain two planks with the central parts and two narrower parts from the outside.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;One of the wide pieces will be used for the seat, and one of the narrow ones for the back. The holes for the legs must be drilled at a diameter over 25mm through the seat. The center of these holes must be about 5cm from the edge of the board, and 10 cm from the end. Drill the holes so that the legs will be inclined to the outside, to give the chair better stability.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_260 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:150px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110161_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 135.9 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110161_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 135.9 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Then, drill the mortise to insert the back. I did it with a chainsaw, but it is possible to use a dril and then a saw or chisel. Shape the tenon on the back so that it just fits the mortise. The back can be locked in place using either a wooden pin or, as I did, forcing it in with a mallet.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The next step is to shape the tenons on the legs. This is done with a sharp knife, or you can start with the axe and finish with the knife. Check the fit often, as it is rather difficult to add wood back on. When the fit is good, insert the leg in the seat in the chosen position, and mark the position of the wedge on the end grain of the tenon.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_262 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:150px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110158_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 97.7 kb' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110158_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 97.7 kb' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The wedge must be inserted in a saw cut at the center of the tenon perpendicularly to the grain of the seat, otherwise the wood may (or most likely will) split as the wedge is forced in. When the line is drawn on the end grain, remove the leg and saw on that line for about half the thickness of the seat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;span class='spip_document_272 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left; width:120px;'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/gif/wedge.gif' width=&quot;120&quot; height=&quot;90&quot; alt=&quot;A wedge&quot; title=&quot;A wedge&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Of course, you have to repeat these steps four times... You then have to prepare the wedges. It is preferable to use well seasoned oak heartwood for these. Cleave a piece about 5mm thick and the width of the tenon andwhittle it down to a sharp edge at one end.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;After you have put the legs in the seat, the wedges are driven in with the mallet, which locks the legs solidly in place. Your chair is then finished! To make it more comfortable, you can dig the seat with a gouge to make it conform to human anatomy.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<dl class='spip_document_258 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:150px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110155_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 153.4 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110155_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 153.4 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">This chair is my first. It&#8217;s been created from a chesnut log about 60cm long and 20 to 25 cm diameter. This normally allows the assembly of two chairs.</p>

<p class="spip">First, you have to split the log in half, and then each half in half againto obtain two planks with the central parts and two narrower parts from the outside.</p>

<p class="spip">One of the wide pieces will be used for the seat, and one of the narrow ones for the back. The holes for the legs must be drilled at a diameter over 25mm through the seat. The center of these holes must be about 5cm from the edge of the board, and 10 cm from the end. Drill the holes so that the legs will be inclined to the outside, to give the chair better stability.</p>

<dl class='spip_document_260 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:150px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110161_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 135.9 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110161_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 135.9 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Then, drill the mortise to insert the back. I did it with a chainsaw, but it is possible to use a dril and then a saw or chisel. Shape the tenon on the back so that it just fits the mortise. The back can be locked in place using either a wooden pin or, as I did, forcing it in with a mallet.</p>

<p class="spip">The next step is to shape the tenons on the legs. This is done with a sharp knife, or you can start with the axe and finish with the knife. Check the fit often, as it is rather difficult to add wood back on. When the fit is good, insert the leg in the seat in the chosen position, and mark the position of the wedge on the end grain of the tenon.</p>

<dl class='spip_document_262 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:150px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110158_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 97.7 kb' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110158_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 97.7 kb' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">The wedge must be inserted in a saw cut at the center of the tenon perpendicularly to the grain of the seat, otherwise the wood may (or most likely will) split as the wedge is forced in. When the line is drawn on the end grain, remove the leg and saw on that line for about half the thickness of the seat.</p>

<p class="spip"><span class='spip_document_272 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left; width:120px;'>
<img src='IMG/gif/wedge.gif' width="120" height="90" alt="A wedge" title="A wedge" /></span>Of course, you have to repeat these steps four times... You then have to prepare the wedges. It is preferable to use well seasoned oak heartwood for these. Cleave a piece about 5mm thick and the width of the tenon andwhittle it down to a sharp edge at one end.</p>

<p class="spip">After you have put the legs in the seat, the wedges are driven in with the mallet, which locks the legs solidly in place. Your chair is then finished! To make it more comfortable, you can dig the seat with a gouge to make it conform to human anatomy.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>1. Les outils</title>
        <link>Les-outils</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-11T19:56:56Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/La vie dans la forêt/</category>
        <guid>Les-outils</guid>
        <description>&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Les outils que j'utilise pour la fabrication des meubles rustiques sont essentiellement des outils &#224; main. Les outils non-tranchants sont en bois, je les fabrique moi-m&#234;me.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Bien s&#251;r, avec un peu de dext&#233;rit&#233; et de courage, il est possible de r&#233;aliser bien des meubles avec une simple hache, mais voici une liste des outils que je consid&#232;re comme indispensables :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Hache, couteau, maillet, masse, coin(s), for&#234;ts, tari&#232;res, chignole, vilebrequin.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Et des outils utiles :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Plane, ciseaux &#224; bois, rabot&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_356 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:188px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020232-3.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 238.8 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/p4020232-3-3b39f.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 238.8 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;La masse&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Les masses et maillet sont fabriqu&#233;s selon la m&#234;me m&#233;thode :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;On s&#233;lectionne d'abord un morceau d'une b&#251;che de bois dur, comme du buis, du houx, du pommier ou du poirier, voire de l'orme, de pr&#233;f&#233;rence assez noueux, d'un diam&#232;tre d'environ 15 &#224; 20 cm pour la masse, et d'une longueur &#233;quivalente. On perce ce morceau de bois perpendiculairement au fil, au diam&#232;tre de 35mm minimum. Plus petit et la masse ne durera pas longtemps.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Ensuite, on choisit un manche. Ce peut &#234;tre une simple branche, mais l'id&#233;al est de fendre un morceau de fr&#234;ne ou de h&#234;tre de diam&#232;tre sup&#233;rieur afin d'&#233;viter le coeur. La longueur du manche sera d'environ un m&#232;tre. Si vous utiliser du bois fendu, arrondisez-le, sinon la prise en main sera pour le moins d&#233;sagr&#233;able. Une extr&#233;mit&#233; du manche est r&#233;duite au diam&#232;tre du trou, &#224; la hache puis au couteau.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Lorsque l'ajustement est obtenu, on scie le bout de ce tenon pour pouvoir y ins&#233;rer un coin. On met ensuite le manche en place dans la t&#234;te de la masse, puis ont enfonce le coin dans le tenon, pour maintenir le manche solidement en place.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Une derni&#232;re chose avant de pouvoir utiliser votre nouvelle masse, ou maillet : Chanfreinez l&#233;gerement les extremit&#233;s de la t&#234;te, cela lui donnera une meilleure r&#233;sistance &#224; l'&#233;clatement.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le maillet&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_284 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020231.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 843.1 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020231-75464.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 843.1 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Ce type de maillet est tr&#232;s simple &#224; r&#233;aliser. Vous aurez besoin d'un rondin d'environ 15 &#224; 20 cm de diam&#232;tre et de 30 &#224; 40 cm de longueur choisi dans l'une des essences utilis&#233;es pour la t&#234;te de la masse, bien que cet outil &#233;tant si rapide &#224; r&#233;aliser que l'on pourra sans difficult&#233; en refaire souvent.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;A 15 cm de l'une des extr&#233;mit&#233;s, sciez sur tout le tour du rondin de mani&#232;re &#224; laisser un c&#339;ur d'environ 5 cm de diam&#232;tre. Le bois entre le trait de scie et l'extr&#233;mit&#233; peut alors &#234;tre retir&#233;e avec une hache, ou tout autre outil avec lequel vous vous sentez confortable (j'ai utilis&#233; un ciseau &#224; bois et un petit maillet pour le finitions).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Vous obtiendrez alors un maillet tr&#232;s utile pour beaucoup de t&#226;ches. Je m'en sert surtout pour fendre du bois de chauffage avec une hache, quand la masse d&#233;crite ci-dessus serait trop lourde et dificile &#224; manier.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;La hache&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_285 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020239.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 831.7 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020239-d94c4.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 831.7 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Cette hache est une petite hachette de 800 grammes achet&#233;e au magasin de bricolage du coin. Le manche d'origine a cass&#233; assez rapidement, et je l'ai remplac&#233; par un de ma fabrication, en h&#234;tre. Malheureusement, comme je l'ai fait dans l'urgence, le bois &#233;tait vert et il commence &#224; donner des signes de faiblesse. Son remplacant est d&#233;ja pr&#234;t, et est en train de s&#233;cher le plus longtemps possible.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Les coins&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;dl class='spip_document_286 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;width:250px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/p4020242-sm.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 138.6 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020242-sm-e8d0c.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 138.6 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Les coins sont faits &#224; partir d'une b&#251;che d'environ 60 cm de longueur et de 5 &#224; 8 cm de diam&#232;tre. Cela permettra de r&#233;aliser deux coins. Il est n&#233;c&#233;ssaire d'utiliser un bois dur (houx, h&#234;tre, if, poirier, pommier ou m&#234;me du rhododendron)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;D'abord, tailler les deux extr&#233;mit&#233;s de la b&#251;che en forme de coin comme sur la photo ci-contre, en laissant la section centrale ronde. Sciez ceci en deux pour vous donner deux coins. Chamfreinez le haut de chaque coin et les c&#244;t&#233;s de la pointe, pour &#233;viter un &#233;clatement pr&#233;matur&#233;. Laissez les s&#233;cher le plus longtemps et le plus lentement possible. Si vous en avez besoin d&#232;s maintenant, faites en une paire de plus ; lorsqu'ils seront inutilisables, l'autre paire devrait &#234;tre pr&#234;te.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="spip">Les outils que j&#8217;utilise pour la fabrication des meubles rustiques sont essentiellement des outils à main. Les outils non-tranchants sont en bois, je les fabrique moi-même.</p>

<p class="spip">Bien sûr, avec un peu de dextérité et de courage, il est possible de réaliser bien des meubles avec une simple hache, mais voici une liste des outils que je considère comme indispensables&nbsp;:</p>

<p class="spip">Hache, couteau, maillet, masse, coin(s), forêts, tarières, chignole, vilebrequin.</p>

<p class="spip">Et des outils utiles&nbsp;:</p>

<p class="spip">Plane, ciseaux à bois, rabot</p>

<dl class='spip_document_356 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:188px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020232-3.jpg" title='JPEG - 238.8 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L188xH250/p4020232-3-3b39f.jpg' width='188' height='250' alt='JPEG - 238.8 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<h3 class="spip">La masse</h3>
<p class="spip">Les masses et maillet sont fabriqués selon la même méthode&nbsp;:</p>

<p class="spip">On sélectionne d&#8217;abord un morceau d&#8217;une bûche de bois dur, comme du buis, du houx, du pommier ou du poirier, voire de l&#8217;orme, de préférence assez noueux, d&#8217;un diamètre d&#8217;environ 15 à 20 cm pour la masse, et d&#8217;une longueur équivalente. On perce ce morceau de bois perpendiculairement au fil, au diamètre de 35mm minimum. Plus petit et la masse ne durera pas longtemps.</p>

<p class="spip">Ensuite, on choisit un manche. Ce peut être une simple branche, mais l&#8217;idéal est de fendre un morceau de frêne ou de hêtre de diamètre supérieur afin d&#8217;éviter le coeur. La longueur du manche sera d&#8217;environ un mètre. Si vous utiliser du bois fendu, arrondisez-le, sinon la prise en main sera pour le moins désagréable. Une extrémité du manche est réduite au diamètre du trou, à la hache puis au couteau.</p>

<p class="spip">Lorsque l&#8217;ajustement est obtenu, on scie le bout de ce tenon pour pouvoir y insérer un coin. On met ensuite le manche en place dans la tête de la masse, puis ont enfonce le coin dans le tenon, pour maintenir le manche solidement en place.</p>

<p class="spip">Une dernière chose avant de pouvoir utiliser votre nouvelle masse, ou maillet&nbsp;: Chanfreinez légerement les extremités de la tête, cela lui donnera une meilleure résistance à l&#8217;éclatement.</p>

<h3 class="spip">Le maillet</h3>
<dl class='spip_document_284 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020231.jpg" title='JPEG - 843.1 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020231-75464.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 843.1 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Ce type de maillet est très simple à réaliser. Vous aurez besoin d&#8217;un rondin d&#8217;environ 15 à 20 cm de diamètre et de 30 à 40 cm de longueur choisi dans l&#8217;une des essences utilisées pour la tête de la masse, bien que cet outil étant si rapide à réaliser que l&#8217;on pourra sans difficulté en refaire souvent.</p>

<p class="spip">A 15 cm de l&#8217;une des extrémités, sciez sur tout le tour du rondin de manière à laisser un c&#339;ur d&#8217;environ 5 cm de diamètre. Le bois entre le trait de scie et l&#8217;extrémité peut alors être retirée avec une hache, ou tout autre outil avec lequel vous vous sentez confortable (j&#8217;ai utilisé un ciseau à bois et un petit maillet pour le finitions).</p>

<p class="spip">Vous obtiendrez alors un maillet très utile pour beaucoup de tâches. Je m&#8217;en sert surtout pour fendre du bois de chauffage avec une hache, quand la masse décrite ci-dessus serait trop lourde et dificile à manier.</p>

<h3 class="spip">La hache</h3>
<dl class='spip_document_285 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020239.jpg" title='JPEG - 831.7 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020239-d94c4.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 831.7 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Cette hache est une petite hachette de 800 grammes achetée au magasin de bricolage du coin. Le manche d&#8217;origine a cassé assez rapidement, et je l&#8217;ai remplacé par un de ma fabrication, en hêtre. Malheureusement, comme je l&#8217;ai fait dans l&#8217;urgence, le bois était vert et il commence à donner des signes de faiblesse. Son remplacant est déja prêt, et est en train de sécher le plus longtemps possible.</p>

<h3 class="spip">Les coins</h3>
<dl class='spip_document_286 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left;width:250px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/p4020242-sm.jpg" title='JPEG - 138.6 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L250xH188/p4020242-sm-e8d0c.jpg' width='250' height='188' alt='JPEG - 138.6 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Les coins sont faits à partir d&#8217;une bûche d&#8217;environ 60 cm de longueur et de 5 à 8 cm de diamètre. Cela permettra de réaliser deux coins. Il est nécéssaire d&#8217;utiliser un bois dur (houx, hêtre, if, poirier, pommier ou même du rhododendron)</p>

<p class="spip">D&#8217;abord, tailler les deux extrémités de la bûche en forme de coin comme sur la photo ci-contre, en laissant la section centrale ronde. Sciez ceci en deux pour vous donner deux coins. Chamfreinez le haut de chaque coin et les côtés de la pointe, pour éviter un éclatement prématuré. Laissez les sécher le plus longtemps et le plus lentement possible. Si vous en avez besoin dès maintenant, faites en une paire de plus&nbsp;; lorsqu&#8217;ils seront inutilisables, l&#8217;autre paire devrait être prête.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

    <item>
        <title>3. Chaise en &quot;b&#226;tons&quot;</title>
        <link>Chaise-en-batons</link>
        <pubDate>2006-03-11T19:33:54Z</pubDate>
        <category>Acceuil/La vie dans la forêt/</category>
        <guid>Chaise-en-batons</guid>
        <description>&lt;dl class='spip_document_264 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:150px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110138_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 74.5 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110138_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 74.5 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Cette chaise est construite en b&#226;tons de chataigner d'un diam&#232;tre d'environ 5 cm, joints entre eux par tenons et mortaise traversants. Cela signifie qu'&#224; la jonction d'un pied et d'un barreau, par exemple, le pied est perc&#233; &#224; un diam&#232;tre donn&#233; (environ 20mm pour une bonne solidit&#233;) et le barreau est r&#233;duit au m&#234;me diam&#232;tre &#224; la hache et/ou au couteau.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;span class='spip_document_276 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left; width:120px;'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/gif/wedge-ins.gif' width=&quot;120&quot; height=&quot;112&quot; alt=&quot;Alignement des coins&quot; title=&quot;Alignement des coins&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Apr&#232;s avoir obtenu un bon ajustage, l'extremit&#233; du tenon du barreau est sci&#233; de mani&#232;re &#224; pouvoir y ins&#233;rer un coin. Attention &#224; ce que le coin soit orient&#233; perpendiculairement au fil du bois du pied, car sinon il y a un risque d'&#233;clatement de celui ci.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Les lattes qui constituent l'assise sont obtenues &#224; partir d'une petite b&#251;che de ch&#226;taigner fendue de mani&#232;re &#224; avoir plusieurs planchettes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Celles-ci sont fix&#233;es aux barreaux sup&#233;rieurs par des chevilles, aucun m&#233;tal n'est utilis&#233; dans la fabrication de mes chaises, m&#234;me la plupart de mes &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/Les-outils&quot; class=&quot;spip_in&quot;&gt;outils&lt;/a&gt; sont en bois !&lt;/p&gt; &lt;dl class='spip_document_268 spip_documents spip_documents_right' style='float:right;width:200px;'&gt;
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/jpg/P3110151_resize.jpg&quot; title='JPEG - 61.3 ko' type=&quot;image/jpeg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.primaterra.org/IMG/vignettes/P3110151_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='200' height='150' alt='JPEG - 61.3 ko' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le dossier est fabriqu&#233; avec une branche ayant la courbure ad&#233;quate pour un maintien du dos confortable. Elle est fix&#233;e aux montants arri&#232;res par tenons et mortaises. Une autre pi&#232;ce similaire est plac&#233;e plus bas pour tenir des montants verticaux qui ach&#232;vent le dossier.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<dl class='spip_document_264 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:150px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110138_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 74.5 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110138_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='150' height='200' alt='JPEG - 74.5 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Cette chaise est construite en bâtons de chataigner d&#8217;un diamètre d&#8217;environ 5 cm, joints entre eux par tenons et mortaise traversants. Cela signifie qu&#8217;à la jonction d&#8217;un pied et d&#8217;un barreau, par exemple, le pied est percé à un diamètre donné (environ 20mm pour une bonne solidité) et le barreau est réduit au même diamètre à la hache et/ou au couteau.</p>

<p class="spip"><span class='spip_document_276 spip_documents spip_documents_left'  style='float:left; width:120px;'>
<img src='IMG/gif/wedge-ins.gif' width="120" height="112" alt="Alignement des coins" title="Alignement des coins" /></span>Après avoir obtenu un bon ajustage, l&#8217;extremité du tenon du barreau est scié de manière à pouvoir y insérer un coin. Attention à ce que le coin soit orienté perpendiculairement au fil du bois du pied, car sinon il y a un risque d&#8217;éclatement de celui ci.</p>

<p class="spip">Les lattes qui constituent l&#8217;assise sont obtenues à partir d&#8217;une petite bûche de châtaigner fendue de manière à avoir plusieurs planchettes.</p>

<p class="spip">Celles-ci sont fixées aux barreaux supérieurs par des chevilles, aucun métal n&#8217;est utilisé dans la fabrication de mes chaises, même la plupart de mes <a href="Les-outils" class="spip_in">outils</a> sont en bois&nbsp;!</p>

<dl class='spip_document_268 spip_documents spip_documents_right'  style='float:right;width:200px;'>
<dt><a href="IMG/jpg/P3110151_resize.jpg" title='JPEG - 61.3 ko' type="image/jpeg"><img src='IMG/vignettes/P3110151_resize.jpg-s.jpg' width='200' height='150' alt='JPEG - 61.3 ko' /></a></dt>
</dl>
<p class="spip">Le dossier est fabriqué avec une branche ayant la courbure adéquate pour un maintien du dos confortable. Elle est fixée aux montants arrières par tenons et mortaises. Une autre pièce similaire est placée plus bas pour tenir des montants verticaux qui achèvent le dossier.</p>]]></content:encoded>
    </item>

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